This article specifically describes Dutch law
Yes. A foreign company can have a non-Dutch registered office address and, with that, be registered with the KvK (Dutch Chamber of Commerce). It is then still a foreign company, but one with a so-called notional permanent establishment.
Example
A subcontractor from Bulgaria is added in Oribi WorkpassID. The company uploads a certified Dutch KvK extract into the system. On that extract, an address in Bulgaria is listed as the registered office address.
In this case, the same KvK extract states, close to the KvK number, the text 'This undertaking has no establishment in the Netherlands'.
In WorkpassID, this company will be assessed as a foreign company.
Please note that the WagwEU (Dutch act on terms of employment of posted workers in the EU)